"This misconception, which still persists in our time, was and is one of the most harmful outcomes of the confusion... http://tl.gd/88sh3q
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"the success and efficiency of the factory methods, he said, were based on the manufacture of a uniform, standardiz... http://tl.gd/89inkganderscj
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"There were two groups of educators who were generally accepted and labeled by administrators as 'educational effic... http://tl.gd/885fjnanderscj
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"Our schools are, in a sense, factories in which the raw products (children) are to be shaped and fashioned into pr... http://tl.gd/885m0uanderscj
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"In July of 1911, for example, a month after Taylor's series of articles was completed in the American Magazine, a ... http://tl.gd/885uejanderscj
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"A major part of the effort to measure efficiency in the schools consisted of the attempts to rate teachers. In the... http://tl.gd/8866hhanderscj
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"Although some educators undoubtedly believed that the education of children would be improved through the introduc... http://tl.gd/886jc5anderscj
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"In the end, the American people got what they deserved for forcing their educators to spend their time on accounti... http://tl.gd/8879sjanderscj
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"But education, since it deals in the first place with organisms, and in the second place with individualities, is ... http://tl.gd/887f5oanderscj
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"If efficiency means the demoralization of the school system; dollars saved and human materials squandered; discont... http://tl.gd/887i0danderscj
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@chrislehmann I'm about 1/2 way through Education & the Cult of Efficiency and finding the book extremely depressing. A real tragedy.anderscj
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@anderscj There is some solace in the idea that we have been here before, though.
Chris Lehmann
chrislehmann
@chrislehmann my question is, did we ever really leave?anderscj
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@anderscj Completely leave? No way... but we ebb and flow.Chris Lehmann
chrislehmann
@dianeravitch I am wondering, why didn't you bring up Fredrick Taylor, Spaulding, or Bobbitt in Death & Life?anderscj
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@anderscj Taylorism is alive and well today. You are right. Wrote about them in "Left Back."
Diane Ravitch
DianeRavitch
"He pointed out that the bar association did not spend its time discussing 'chiefly economic matters' and listening... http://tl.gd/86pvrranderscj
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"Spalding's 'momentary doubt' was caused not only by an awareness of the 'multitude of stop watch observations' and... http://tl.gd/86q437anderscj
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"The emphasis on per pupil cost and the reference to 'school plant,' 'respective products,' and 'investment per pup... http://tl.gd/86q9obanderscj
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"The school administrator simply cannot avoid assigning education values every time he determines the expenditure o... http://tl.gd/86qereanderscj
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"The conclusions to be drawn were obvious if the objective was to reduce costs: increase the number of classes per ... http://tl.gd/86qivnanderscj
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"For if the superintendents followed [Spalding's] example and adopted his business and financial philosophy and pra... http://tl.gd/86qn40anderscj
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"The standards and specifications for steel rails were set by the railroads, not by the steel plants, and the speci... http://tl.gd/87hhn6anderscj
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"Bobbitt went beyond merely suggesting that the business and industrial world enter the schools and set up standard... http://tl.gd/87hkdmanderscj
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"In brief, the educators' function was not to determine what the schools were to do, but rather how they were to do... http://tl.gd/87hm12anderscj
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"Doubtless many educators who had devoted years of study and thought to the aims and purposes of education were sur... http://tl.gd/87hn76anderscj
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"Perhaps in the end this oversimplification of the knowledge, skill, and time necessary even to begin building a so... http://tl.gd/87i908anderscj
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"The tragedy was that educators were forced to assume too soon the role of experts and that in so doing they either... http://tl.gd/87i9uqanderscj
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"Schoolmen were responding to criticism and the critics were not interested in genuine research. They wanted to red... http://tl.gd/87id49anderscj
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"One result was that a new wave of criticism was directed against many institutions, especially those large enough ... http://tl.gd/85djquanderscj
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"the professional life of the American schoolmaster is beset by uncertainty. Except in very few cities we are labor... http://tl.gd/85e17ganderscj
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"[Harrington Emerson (in 1911 to an audience of school superintendents)] said there were four essential elements ne... http://tl.gd/85e95kanderscj
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"The first thing to do is to stop the larger leaks, then we stop the lesser leaks, and we keep busy until all leaks... http://tl.gd/85eccfanderscj
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"the administrators who attempted to apply scientific management to education did not have the training necessary t... http://tl.gd/85elrsanderscj
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"[In the 1910s] In the flood of enthusiasm, an attempt was made to apply the principles of scientific management to... http://tl.gd/84mhqlanderscj
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"According to Taylor, there was always one best method for doing any particular job and this best method could be d... http://tl.gd/84mo95anderscj
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"The worker's equal division of work was to do what he was told to do by management and his share of the responsibi... http://tl.gd/84mu6handerscj
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"The first element in the mechanism of scientific management listed by Taylor was time and motion study and the dev... http://tl.gd/84n37danderscj
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"[Standardization was] the second element in the mechanism of scientific management" Raymond E. Callahananderscj
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"The third element in the mechanism of scientific management, and one that Taylor described as 'perhaps the most pr... http://tl.gd/84n81vanderscj
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"No school teacher would think of telling children in a general way to study a certain book or subject...the best p... http://tl.gd/84nb6landerscj
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"The fourth element was what Taylor called functional foremanship." Raymond E. Callahananderscj
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"Under [Taylor's] system, this single military-type foreman would be replaced by 'eight different bosses'" Raymond E. Callahananderscj
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"When educational administrators attempted to bring [Taylor's] system into the schools, they showed no real interes... http://tl.gd/84ntvbanderscj
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"One of the most important factors was the McGuffey Readers. Millions of Americans in their formative years learned... http://tl.gd/839627anderscj
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"The business influence was exerted upon education in several ways: through newspapers, journals, and books; throug... http://tl.gd/839cn1anderscj
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"All through the nineteenth century leading administrators such A's Horace Mann, Henry Bernard, and William T. Harr... http://tl.gd/839ivkanderscj
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